seribualamat.blogspot.co.id—Harakiri (Hah-Rah-Kee-ree) which comes from the word Hara which means the stomach and Kiru that means cut. Harakiri literally means "stomach-cutting". Harakiri also knew as Seppuku. Harakiri is a term often used in everyday conversation whereas the Seppuku is more often used for a more formal language. Samurai (followers of Bushido that already) use the term seppuku, while for ordinary Japanese people (which from the past to present are still curious to do it the right way) uses the term harakiri. The term harakiri is a term that is more commonly known in the language of the United Kingdom, but sometimes found the wrong translation of the "hari-kari".
Harakiri is suicide methods are very painful and agonizing. Before this practice was brought into the lives of soldiers from among the samurai class, this ritual altogether foreign to residents of Japan. The mindset and behavior of people towards Japan harakiri were greatly influenced by the teachings of such teachings, Neo-Confusiusme, Confusiusme, Taoism, and Zen. This doctrine has given the values and norms of life about the value of the subject of death. The teaching which implicitly also a matter of penance that ultimately influenced the development of harakiri.
The influence of various teachings.
The teachings of Neo-Konfusiasme is very influential in the formation of people's behavior and mindset of Japan. These teachings spread by Chu-Hsi (1130-1200) during the Tokugawa. Neo-Confusiasme teaches about the existence basis of human relationships with the five basic principles (five constant virtues) that provide the Foundation of a secular society.
These teachings regulate the nature and conduct of conduct of life where everything is derived from The principle of Principle (ri, or in the language of China li) that there must be before or after the heavens and the Earth. He then formed the highest/The Supreme Ultimate (t'ai chi, China taikyoku). When the highest of this move, it will create that, but when not in motion will create the yin. Yin and Yang basically have the same nature (ki. Chinese ch'i) but is divided into two complementary strengths. Yin and yang are then divided into five elements (gogyo, China wu shing), namely wood, fire, Earth, water, and iron. When the five elements are divided again, they transform into everything under the sky. When these five elements are formed together, then it is making a human being.
All creatures are among the Sky and the Earth were formed by these five elements. However, because of the difference of eter (ki, ch'i Chinese), then came the plants, animals, and humans. And since the formation of all creatures because of the results of the work of the sky and the Earth, then no one has principles any creatures of the sky. Therefore, the five basic principles belonging to the Sky, namely: the feeling and spirit as a human (jin, China jen), Justice (gi, China yi), ownership (rei, China li), wisdom (chi, China chih) and fidelity (shin, China hsin), also owned by the man.
Also known the existence of kinship five that determine the value of the person consists of: the Government and citizens, father and son, husband and wife, brother and sister, and friends. The five kinship has been around since the first till now and it remains essentially the same. This is called the "highest". And someone only uses five criteria order instructing it to determine the quality of a person.
Judging from the makeup of the Sky and the Earth, the sky is above and the Earth are under this arrangement, the arrangement is always there and can not be changed. And if we can understand it, the arrangement is a reflection order of hierarchy of classes or social level that is around us. The arrangement would have been around in the past, such as the elderly and children. The arrangement that has been around since then and we should not change the arrangement and messed it up. So also with four classes of society Japan that existed at the time, samurai, farmers, artisans and merchants. Their relationship to each other is the same as the five kinship which is part of the sky The Way taught by Confucius.
Based on the existing order of that, the behavior above and below as well as the relationship between the sky and the Earth where the sky is above and is respected while the Earth was under cleanup respect and humility. As well as on the ruler that is respected and its citizens are being humbled. Plus when the difference between classes are set firmly and clearly, who is above and who is under, then any set of conduct rules and rulers will be more respected and the citizens will be more respectful and humble. This is apparent from the limitations clearly applied by the authorities at that time was the Emperor, shogun, and daimyo. And the position of the samurai was under the rule, based on the teaching, leading to an attitude of respect and high fidelity as one of application of the teachings of Confucius.
This coupled with the teachings of Confucius will be the obedience of a child (filial piety) where this obedience is the root or the base of a human being. And nothing less this obedience such as plants that have no roots, and for plants that only a small fortune to be able to avoid sudden death. This is because it is believed that giving birth at heaven, Earth, man and everything is obedience. And without it, one cannot run The Way to gain immortality.
Buddhism gives huge influence against the mindset and behavior of people Japan. The Zen sect much embraced by the samurai who teaches meditation as a way to return to the path of enlightenment through Buddhism, there are many ways that can be used, one of them with the Nembutsu where with enough singing Amitabha Budha, it will be able to go to the Holy Land (Pure Land) where enlightenment. These teachings many embraced especially the samurai where the legal basis of the Act of ritual suicide or harakiri to reach enlightenment or nirvana. One example was as done by Kozaisho, his wife Michiosi, who committed suicide while carrying her son to follow her husband. The way he did is falls into the sea. And before the end of his life he said as if all that is a need to drown and then be reborn:
While the maid was sleeping, he quietly got up and climb aboard the lips. Because they are in the middle of the sea, he did not know where the West side, but looking at the mountain in the back of the place of the Sun, he considered that the ceiling there is an amide. Slowly he gives a prayer to Buddha. While the sound of seabirds that are usually located on the beach and the sound of noisy sailor across the Strait, he increasingly felt sad!
From the time it first, have many that husband had died in advance; however, gradually, much has changed. Rarely from those who do this, following her husband's death plunge into the sea.
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