Figures Harakiri

Minamoto no Tametomo (1139-1170)

seribualamat.blogspot.com—Minamoto no Tametomo is famous as an Archer. He was the son of Minamoto no Tameyoshi, and brother of Yukii and Yushimoto. High stature, chocolate and wild. At the age of 13, he was able to attract older bows with longer and stronger than most people. In close combat, he's been able to use the sword to the relatively long hard use. His father was the son of the eight people who were very brave. But it has been more daunting Tametomo of it so it needs to be removed. His father removed him to the Bungo Province on Kyūshū corners, accompanied a liegeman as a guard.

But then angry Tametomo soon reversed the situation. There is a line of insanity in his family.

His grandfather used to be a Minamoto was his career in the Izumo Province ended in victorious by Taira this technique requires several decades earlier. There are still several loyal followers of his grandfather around Kyushu; They then followed suit.

The year 1152, appearing between the feuding rivals of Kyushu that was triggered by the coming of the son of Minamoto who was 13 years old. He was the Minamoto Tamemoto. At that age, at that age, he's not a kid again. He quickly up. For three years, he was able to strike out nine provinces and forced their surrender. Then, for six years, at the age of eighteen, he went to the capital and he participated in the war of Hogen. At the age of twenty-nine, he travels to the island of Satan (Devil's Island) and made the Satanic (occupants of the island) become his slaves. At the age of thirty-three years, he made his name famous among the Kingdom despite his expectations are not met.

Hogen rebellion in the event, he fought to defend the Shirakawa with his father, against the army of Taira no Kiyomori and Minamoto no Yoshitomo, his brother. Tametomo as archers take ever sinking the whole Taira with children right at the stern of his hollow. In his left hand, a legend known for longer than the length of her right hand. It is the thing that makes it able to draw arrows that are longer and produce shots with greater power.

In these riots, his house burned and they suffered defeat. Tametomo was forced to flee and exiled on the island of Oshima in the Izu Islands.

In 1170, the conflict between the Minamoto and Taira continued. Due to the influence of the region have mastered Tametomo of exile, the enemy gets increasingly angry. They send you a twenty ship army to invade Tametomo. With an arrow that he gave up, he has to sink a single ship. However, because of the magnitude of the enemy force that has besieged it, Tametomo thus end his life.

After he let go of the arrow and managed to sink an enemy ship, Tametomo stated his statement, "when the war of Hogen, I killed two people at once with an arrow. And now in the Obc, only with an arrow I have killed many of the troops. "

Now there's nothing to think about, then he enters, and rested her body on a pillar of the House. He split his stomach with the tip of the sword and he remained in a sitting position. (Hogen Monogatari, The Talu of the Disorder in Hogen)

Methods that have been used Minamoto no Tamemoto to end his life with a splitting stomach, has made it famous and respected as a brave samurai. This Act has also inspired other samurai to samurai-do the same thing.

Minamoto Yorimasa(1106-1180)

Minamoto Yorimasa is a poet whose works many appear on many of the anthologies. However, he is also one of the great samurais and served as Chairman in the Royal Guard. As a samurai, he never led the Minamoto armies in the Genpei War.

Minamoto Yorimasa is honorable people in the Palace because the arrow had killed the monster has been terrorizing the Palace and have been disturbing the sleep of the Emperor in the year 1150. A terrible Monster called a nue that has a head shaped like a monkey, his bodies like a Badger, his feet like a tiger, its tail like a snake's tail and his voice as the crumbling great mountain. When the monster is flying over the Palace, Yorimasa releasing an arrow and dropping the monsters. Emperor Konoe, and then given a sword.

Assesses the contradiction between the Taira and Minamoto Clans that have lasted for decades, he has tried not to interfere in political affairs as it was and trying to avoid it. But he participated in the revolt of Hogen 1156 year. At first, he made friends with Taira no Kiyomori. During the Heiji Rebellion of the 1160 year, he fought for the Taira, especially to overthrow the Minamoto. However, over time he quit army Kiyomori year 1179, Yorimasa changed his mind to fight the clans themselves.

In the end, he became a Buddhist priest. Then in May of 1180, he sent a petition to the head of the Minamoto, and into the temple and monastery, he had to attack first.

In the Genpei War of 1180-1185, Yorimasa's life ended. In this war, he is behind the Prince Mocihihito who once almost became his enemies, and fight against the Taira clan of Antoku. When he discovered, Yorimasa went with his army to Kyoto to meet with his ally, the pastor in Nara (first capital of Japan). Taira Tomomori was ordered to capture him. Yorimasa dismantling part of the bridge which lies on the river Test due to reach Nara must cross the river Test in advance. When Tomomori arrived on the River along with his troops, they attempted to cross the river but always just takes a lot of sacrifices. However, Tomomori ordered the samurai to his horsemen to swim across the River, and although the brave action of the line behind by Ministers has been holding him, they finally managed to defeat the rebellion.

Yorimasa and his troops who've been lost directly back and save yourself to Byodo-In temple then any Yorimasa realized that his efforts in the vain and with the aim to keep his honor, he performs harakiri by splitting his stomach. The failure of Yorimasa has been respected because it was his last action in the temple attack.

Yorimasa calling Tonau Chjitsu and Watanabe said: "cut of my head!"

Tonau can't afford to do that because his master was alive, then he started to weep bitterly. "How can I do that, my Lord?" She replied. "I can only do that if you've committed suicide."

"I understand," said Yorimasa. Then it rotates facing to the West, flanking his hands ten times and sing loudly. Then he makes poetry.

Like the old tree

That never bloomSadness is life

Sadness me, still haunt the end of fate life

Already me, no bears

After saying a few lines, he thrust his sword into his abdomen, bowed to the ground with a knife penetrated his body and died. No person was capable of composing a poem in such circumstances. But, for Yorimasa, poetry has become the custom since young. Tonau took the head of his master and crying, tied it on a stone. Later, while avoiding enemies, he sought the road to the river and sinking her into place.

(The Tale of the Heike, Book 4-Death of the Prince)

Yorozo (587)

seribualamat.blogspot.com —Yorozu is not the famous person. He came from a modest family. The war has been looming on the death was a conflict between Clans Monobe and Clan Soga. The peak of the conflict occurred after the war, is after the death of Emperor Bidatsu. From the time the two feuding clans in the year 587, which has impressive world is not the greatness of Soga or weakness of Monobe, but loyalty and courage of one of his followers, named Yorozo. He is known as a daredevil who ended her life for the sake of defending his Emperor. The story of bravery and fidelity Yorozo recorded on the books of the "Chronical of Japan" made two years after the incident.

Monobe clan is a clan who embraced the religion of Shinto. And when power weakened, Clan Monobe and Clan Soga utilize this situation with "Political Wedding" where they marry a daughter of Clan Soga with Clan Monobe. The Soga clan trying hard so that Buddhists get into Japan while Monobe Clan who rejected with hard with any beliefs other than Shinto. This causes the two clans experience the collisions which excellent over the years. However, because the Soga has supporters in Monobe itself and coupled the power of Monobe was being weakened, in the end, this feud and winning Sogo managed to kill Emperor Bidatsu. Lived Moriya no Monobe, the only remaining barrier to Sogo.

A follower of Clan Chief Monobe no Moriya the great named Yorozu from Totoribe. He was ordered to lead an army with a very large amount to keep the House Chairman in Naniwa. When he heard that the Chairman of the Clan had died, he immediately went with his horse at night. He went to the village of Arimaka in the District of Chinu and, after passing the House of his wife he was hiding in the hills. The Court responded to this incident and announces, "because Yorozu has the purpose of evil and defeated and he was hiding in the hills so his entire family should be killed! This command should be in consent without any questions.

Then Yorozu dens of himself out on the Hill because of his own. He carries a sword and looked to a spear in his hand. His clothes are torn and dirty torn, his face showed sadness that was very insightful. The court officials sending hundreds of soldiers to besiege it. Yorozu very scared and he was hiding in the lush bamboo while tying a few stems and shake to make the soldiers were confused. And when the bamboos that sway, the soldiers were hooked, they immediately ran the lead to lush who rocked it. Yorozu then draws his bow and each soldier hit by a DART. This makes the soldiers were afraid and did not dare to speak to her. He then loosens the bow and bracket on her arm, and then he ran toward a hill. The army was continuing to urge the Yorozu, rained down with an arrow from the banks of the River, but none of them succeeded in wounding Yorozu. Then the soldiers were chasing and approaching Yorozu and, creeping on the River, draws his bow and on knees Yorozu. Then, immediately pulled out his bow and son Yorozu prepares his bow, archery (in the direction of the army). And in a State of helpless, he fell down on the ground and shouted: "protectors of the Emperor, one who boldly will serve to defend the glorious Emperor — that's what I want. But no one asked my truth, and in fact, now I'm in a position that was terrible. Let one of you talk to me so that I know I will be killed or made prisoners. "

The soldiers ran towards the Yorozu archerying and start again, but he tried to shy away from darts and, pulling his bow, killing more than three dozen people. Then, he pulled out his sword and break his bow into three, he had to bend his sword and threw it into the river. Finally, he pulled out a small knife which he brought and cut his throat, and then he died.Governor of Kawachi reported on the death of Yorozu to the Palace. Later, the Palace issued an order late: "her body into eight Pieces, and send each amply cut into eight provinces, then this will be relayed on each pole hanging." When the Governor will do the command and cut the corpse into eight Yorozu, suddenly sound is the rumble of Thunder and rain with downpours.

Later, a white dog on observing Yorozu, staring at the ceiling and then look down and walk while howling while accompanying the corpse of Yorozu, and finally took the head of his master with his mouth and lay it on the ground. Then the dog was lying next to the body of Yorozu and do not eat or drink until he eventually died there. Governor of Kawachi, very impressed with the strange behavior of dogs, and he reported it to the Palace. Officials are very touched to hear that story and issued a Royal command: "that Dog has behaved with an extremely rare on Earth and it should always be remembered even until the next centuries. Order to make graves Yorozu family bury the corpse! "then, in accordance with the order, the family built a packed Yorozu near the village of Arimaka and that's where they bury Yorozu and his dog.

The story of the death of Yorozu was written long before the soldier's code of ethics was created and developed in Japan. His attitude towards the defeat of nearly the same as the model of a defeat of World fighters is being written right now. And it is clear here that the soldier ethos of Japan had existed long before made the rules and principles of the code of conduct as a soldier.

When Yorozu runs hiding in the hills, and the horrors of Yorozu when besieged by the army, is doubt Yorozu that pops up but then he shows his courage at the last moment. This indicates that a hero is not the Yorozu, immune to fear and doubt, but he is also an ordinary human who is human has the desire to survive, but in urgent circumstances could bring a great courage and strength. And once he makes a final decision to act, Yorozu move is not appropriate, since it moves the bamboo and he cut his throat. It is like the tales of the defeated heroes at a later day, which moved by the conditions to show his courage.

Exposed knee arrow, he finally realized that his escape was not possible for him. After killing the enemy can he did, he broke two of his main weapon and pierced his knife in his throat rather than be arrested and bring shame. At the time, the year 587, harakiri is far from being the life of the soldier. Therefore Yorozu chose to end his life before may struggle with this sadistic way. But that is not his views but the strength to be able to carry out an Honorable attitude until finished.

Samurai and Bushido

http://seribualamat.blogspot.co.id/—Bushido is the path of a samurai that has to be held by each of the samurais. One of a highly influential thinker for the samurai, one of them is Yamaga Soko (1622-1685), a well-known figure in the history of Japan since intellect and his thoughts. At first, he saw the abundance of free time which is owned by the samurai at the time of the triumph of the Tokugawa Government. According to Yamaga, even though they are in a situation like this, they have a very important task to do that have made they have a very special status — they are more than capable of being in any military State.

At that time, the samurai gets a wage from his master, but they can't go around just enjoying life as Loranthus and use money from other classes, eat food from farmers and use the goods from the merchants or the artists.

In performing this duty, the other classes any time required in order to run their respective obligations. To that end, the samurai was specifically required to serve his master with the highest fidelity. In General, they are also required to uphold moral principles of wisdom in them respectively. The goal of high idealism includes a life filled with incredible detail, simplicity, self-discipline and readiness to die anytime. This was originally an idealism value that must be respected in Feudal Japan society.

Yamaga responded into the form of a systematic response to the Confucian ethical opposition to the treatment of the samurai carrying out a high task with high fidelity but have a life that deteriorated in the governance of the bakufu (shogunate's reign).

To explain in detail the noble task of the soldiers and his set, he wrote about "the belief of the Samurai" (bukyo). He tells us that the samurai is those that do not work, either as an artist or a trader. But they are leaders as a bookmark the way to meet the moral obligation of loyalty and obedience. So also in the military not only samurai as citizens or ordinary soldiers, but he has a responsibility as the House of scholars and moral guide.

The relationship between the samurai with his master is something that has been fixed and eternal, absolute and cannot be contested. In addition, bukyo Yamaga also makes the concept of "the way of a Samurai" (shido) that describes the customs of the samurai in detail. The second thing is what became known as bushido, the samurai must have two very important things in their lives, that is, the loyalty and obedience of a child (final piety and loyalty).

This time, the relationship between Feudal landlords and their servants (in this case the samurai) is considered like a brother. However, in the time of feudalism was established by Minamoto no Yuritomo, Yurimoto handed over the land as a gift for their devotion and he also changed the nature of this relationship by giving the title of gokenin (literally meaning followers who became a member of the household). The existence of this degree, Yuritomo binding his samurai personally. And in the end become a samurai warrior war that his position as Duke.

In addition, the bushido also developed the "path of a warrior" (The Way of the Warrior). Bushido confirmed about a samurai code of conduct as a soldier of war should be held. The emergence of the samurai themselves in charge of the field of Defense and developed in feudal or in 1192. In the heyday of the Minamoto clan who received the nickname of Seii-Tai-shogun or habitual offender defined as barbarians. This is because at this time the ritual suicide seppuku or referred to by the name "junshi".

In the ethic code of the samurai, the soldiers should not be asking for help on his master. As a samurai, it must provide leadership and protection, but should not think about rewards. The core of both of these relationships is loyalty. A soldier is can not question or denied his master's command, but he had to stick to it regardless of himself, his family and all his joy. A soldier must always succumb and should always remember that he owed over his master's kindness. A soldier must be prepared to die for the sake of his master, or their families, or clans. And this means that the life of a soldier belongs to his master and he could not arrange his life as he wanted, even to defend his reputation. It is like a brave soldier, Sadoki. When he tried to escape from a robber, he did it in a way like a coward. This is because he may not defend his life to satisfy their self-esteem. Thus, it is not to protect or retains his property because he had to protect them just for the sake of serving the Lord.

Even the first code of ethics States that the first duty of a soldier is to die for the sake of his master. This is an answer to a soldier that is forgotten because of the feeling of the day happened to Yoriyoshi, recorded in the Mutsu Waki (narrative of stories gathered from the reports of each of the provinces and the oral report made shortly after the events happen). "We have to give our body to pay the debt. For the sake of our Lord, we will die without regrets".

A soldier should also instill in them the principle that debt they have to their master that cannot be payment unless doing junshi and follow his master died. However, since 1663, it is prohibited to do by law. A soldier could ask for a chance to do something extraordinary that more of his friends, but if he is requested to do so, he would prefer to do the junshi.

This is because it will be a lifesaver, not only for his master but also to all the followers of either weak or strong. And in this way, he'd be a famous and will be remembered as a samurai who continues to glorify the three things, loyalty, confidence, and courage.

Although all aspects of samurai life it is important to understand the totality of the worldliness of a soldier, nothing is more important than knowledge about the beliefs and traditions that surround the important moments of the lives of the soldiers when they release the body. Well, it is done voluntarily or not. The record book is about the end of life of a samurai named Hagakure. This is a book about "the street of a samurai who found in death." Written by Yamamoto Tsunemoto who chose exile after the death of his master.

Hagakure itself is a collection of anecdotes and short proverb that comes from the family of the deceased, Nabeshima family where Yamamoto Tsunemoto served. This book was written in 1716, hundreds of years after the completion of the War Between the States.

The rules contained in or the Hagakure (Hidden Behind Leaves) occurs because of the attitude and behavior of the samurai. Hagakure is calling for the voice of the heart of a samurai and teach how to deal with the death of his master to serve. Death accepted though the death itself are absurd in the eyes of the people. And the book became a favorite book for the samurai Saga-han used as exercise guidelines as a samurai.

The Origins Of Harakiri

seribualamat.blogspot.co.id—Harakiri (Hah-Rah-Kee-ree) which comes from the word Hara which means the stomach and Kiru that means cut. Harakiri literally means "stomach-cutting". Harakiri also knew as Seppuku. Harakiri is a term often used in everyday conversation whereas the Seppuku is more often used for a more formal language. Samurai (followers of Bushido that already) use the term seppuku, while for ordinary Japanese people (which from the past to present are still curious to do it the right way) uses the term harakiri. The term harakiri is a term that is more commonly known in the language of the United Kingdom, but sometimes found the wrong translation of the "hari-kari".

Harakiri is suicide methods are very painful and agonizing. Before this practice was brought into the lives of soldiers from among the samurai class, this ritual altogether foreign to residents of Japan. The mindset and behavior of people towards Japan harakiri were greatly influenced by the teachings of such teachings, Neo-Confusiusme, Confusiusme, Taoism, and Zen. This doctrine has given the values and norms of life about the value of the subject of death. The teaching which implicitly also a matter of penance that ultimately influenced the development of harakiri.

The influence of various teachings.

The teachings of Neo-Konfusiasme is very influential in the formation of people's behavior and mindset of Japan. These teachings spread by Chu-Hsi (1130-1200) during the Tokugawa. Neo-Confusiasme teaches about the existence basis of human relationships with the five basic principles (five constant virtues) that provide the Foundation of a secular society.

These teachings regulate the nature and conduct of conduct of life where everything is derived from The principle of Principle (ri, or in the language of China li) that there must be before or after the heavens and the Earth. He then formed the highest/The Supreme Ultimate (t'ai chi, China taikyoku). When the highest of this move, it will create that, but when not in motion will create the yin. Yin and Yang basically have the same nature (ki. Chinese ch'i) but is divided into two complementary strengths. Yin and yang are then divided into five elements (gogyo, China wu shing), namely wood, fire, Earth, water, and iron. When the five elements are divided again, they transform into everything under the sky. When these five elements are formed together, then it is making a human being.

All creatures are among the Sky and the Earth were formed by these five elements. However, because of the difference of eter (ki, ch'i Chinese), then came the plants, animals, and humans. And since the formation of all creatures because of the results of the work of the sky and the Earth, then no one has principles any creatures of the sky. Therefore, the five basic principles belonging to the Sky, namely: the feeling and spirit as a human (jin, China jen), Justice (gi, China yi), ownership (rei, China li), wisdom (chi, China chih) and fidelity (shin, China hsin), also owned by the man.

Also known the existence of kinship five that determine the value of the person consists of: the Government and citizens, father and son, husband and wife, brother and sister, and friends. The five kinship has been around since the first till now and it remains essentially the same. This is called the "highest". And someone only uses five criteria order instructing it to determine the quality of a person.

Judging from the makeup of the Sky and the Earth, the sky is above and the Earth are under this arrangement, the arrangement is always there and can not be changed. And if we can understand it, the arrangement is a reflection order of hierarchy of classes or social level that is around us. The arrangement would have been around in the past, such as the elderly and children. The arrangement that has been around since then and we should not change the arrangement and messed it up. So also with four classes of society Japan that existed at the time, samurai, farmers, artisans and merchants. Their relationship to each other is the same as the five kinship which is part of the sky The Way taught by Confucius.

Based on the existing order of that, the behavior above and below as well as the relationship between the sky and the Earth where the sky is above and is respected while the Earth was under cleanup respect and humility. As well as on the ruler that is respected and its citizens are being humbled. Plus when the difference between classes are set firmly and clearly, who is above and who is under, then any set of conduct rules and rulers will be more respected and the citizens will be more respectful and humble. This is apparent from the limitations clearly applied by the authorities at that time was the Emperor, shogun, and daimyo. And the position of the samurai was under the rule, based on the teaching, leading to an attitude of respect and high fidelity as one of application of the teachings of Confucius.

This coupled with the teachings of Confucius will be the obedience of a child (filial piety) where this obedience is the root or the base of a human being. And nothing less this obedience such as plants that have no roots, and for plants that only a small fortune to be able to avoid sudden death. This is because it is believed that giving birth at heaven, Earth, man and everything is obedience. And without it, one cannot run The Way to gain immortality.

Buddhism gives huge influence against the mindset and behavior of people Japan. The Zen sect much embraced by the samurai who teaches meditation as a way to return to the path of enlightenment through Buddhism, there are many ways that can be used, one of them with the Nembutsu where with enough singing Amitabha Budha, it will be able to go to the Holy Land (Pure Land) where enlightenment. These teachings many embraced especially the samurai where the legal basis of the Act of ritual suicide or harakiri to reach enlightenment or nirvana. One example was as done by Kozaisho, his wife Michiosi, who committed suicide while carrying her son to follow her husband. The way he did is falls into the sea. And before the end of his life he said as if all that is a need to drown and then be reborn:

While the maid was sleeping, he quietly got up and climb aboard the lips. Because they are in the middle of the sea, he did not know where the West side, but looking at the mountain in the back of the place of the Sun, he considered that the ceiling there is an amide. Slowly he gives a prayer to Buddha. While the sound of seabirds that are usually located on the beach and the sound of noisy sailor across the Strait, he increasingly felt sad!

From the time it first, have many that husband had died in advance; however, gradually, much has changed. Rarely from those who do this, following her husband's death plunge into the sea.